Parkinson’s Disease
A progressive condition of movement — but one where the right treatment, chosen at the right stage, can return years of independence.
Areas of expertise
Conditions treated in our network
Functional and stereotactic neurosurgery, across seven clinical areas. These are the conditions the specialists in our network see every week, and the reason the assessment matters as much as the treatment.
Tremors
Not every tremor is Parkinson’s, and not every tremor needs surgery. Naming the tremor correctly is the first and most useful thing we do.
Dystonia
Muscles that contract when they are not asked to — pulling the neck, the hand or the whole body into postures the person cannot undo.
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
A build-up of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain’s ventricles, most common in older adults, affecting walking, memory and bladder control.
Spasticity
Muscle stiffness caused by abnormal signalling between the nervous system and the muscles, affecting movement, comfort and daily care.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Intrusive thoughts and the repetitive behaviours performed to relieve them — and what can be considered when standard treatment has not been enough.
Major Depressive Disorder
Neuromodulation is not a first-line treatment for depression: it is a specialised option for highly selected patients, alongside ongoing psychiatric care.
Tourette Syndrome
DBS is not a first-line treatment for Tourette syndrome — it is reserved for carefully selected adults with severe, disabling tics.
Substance Use Disorder
Neuromodulation for substance use disorder is investigational: not first-line, and not a substitute for evidence-based addiction treatment.
Chronic Pain
Pain that outlasts healing, or that arises from the nervous system itself — a broad category in which surgery is considered only for a small minority.
Epilepsy
Recurrent, unprovoked seizures — and the options that open up when medication does not bring them under control.
Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction
Urgency, incontinence and retention that have not responded to conservative treatment — and the neuromodulation option that can follow.
Why the diagnosis decides the treatment
Conditions treated by functional neurosurgery overlap in appearance and diverge in treatment. A tremor that appears at rest points one way; the same tremor appearing only on movement points another. Parkinson’s disease and atypical parkinsonism can look similar for years and respond to surgery very differently. Walking difficulty and memory change in an older patient may be ageing — or a treatable build-up of cerebrospinal fluid.
This is why every plan here starts with a neurological evaluation rather than with a procedure — and why the first review is free and done before you travel.
The seven clinical areas
Each area brings together the conditions assessed as one group, and the procedures that belong to them.
Several procedures appear in more than one area. Deep brain stimulation is the clearest example: the same operation, the same hardware, different brain targets depending on whether it is being used for a movement disorder, severe OCD or drug-resistant epilepsy. It is described once, in full, on the deep brain stimulation page.
| Clinical area | Conditions | Procedures |
|---|---|---|
| Movement disorders | Parkinson’s disease, tremors, dystonia, normal pressure hydrocephalus | DBS, robotic-assisted DBS, MRgFUS, VP shunt surgery |
| Spasticity | Spasticity | Selective dorsal rhizotomy, intrathecal baclofen pump |
| Psychiatric neurosurgery | OCD, major depressive disorder, Tourette syndrome, substance use disorder | DBS, capsulotomy, LIFU |
| Pain surgery | Chronic pain | Spinal cord stimulation, stereotactic thalamotomy |
| Epilepsy | Drug-resistant epilepsy | Vagus nerve stimulation, DBS |
| Bladder and bowel dysfunction | Urgency, urgency incontinence, non-obstructive retention, bowel dysfunction | Sacral nerve stimulation |
| Diagnostics | Undiagnosed brain lesions | Stereotactic brain biopsy |
Not sure where to start?
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